PROGRESSIVISM

I.	THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT (1900 - 1917) REFORMED GOVERNMENT AND BIG BUSINESS.
	A.	SUPPORTED BY MIDDLE CLASS WHITE COLLAR WORKERS.
		1.	CLERKS
		2.	MANAGERS
		3.	TECHNICIANS
	B.	IT WAS NEVER THE INTENTION OF THE PROGRESSIVES TO HELP THE VERY POOR.
	C.	INTENDED TO REFORM OR ELIMINATE CONDITIONS WHICH HURT THE MIDDLE CLASS.
	D.	PROGRESSIVE CONCERNS WERE SPREAD THROUGH LITERATURE.
		1.	MORE PEOPLE THAN EVER BEFORE KNEW HOW TO READ AND WRITE.
		2.	MANY PROGRESSIVE ERA WRITERS WERE CALLED MUCKRAKERS.
			a.	WROTE ABOUT AMERICA'S PROBLEMS
			b.	OFTEN EXAGGERATED THE TRUTH
		3.	LEADING MUCKRAKERS AND THEIR LITERATURE.
			a.	UPTON SINCLAIR - THE JUNGLE
			b.	IDA TARBELL - THE HISTORY OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY.
II.	PROGRESSIVE REFORM BEGAN IN THE STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
	A.	NEW TYPES OF CITY GOVERNMENTS BEGAN TO BREAK THE POWER OF BIG CITY POLITICAL MACHINES.
		1.	COMMISSION SYSTEM - GALVESTON, TX. - 1900
		2.	CITY-MANAGER PLAN - DAYTON, OHIO - 1913
	B.	REFORMS IN STATE GOVERNMENTS
		1.	INTENDED TO PUT POLITICAL POWER BACK INTO THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE.
		2.	THE "WISCONSIN IDEA" - ROBERT M. La FOLLETTE
			a.	INITIATIVE
			b.	REFERENDUM
			c.	RECALL
			d.	DIRECT PRIMARY
			e.	LIMITS ON CAMPAIGN FUNDING AND SPENDING
III.	PROGRESSIVE REFORM UNDER PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1901 - 1909)
	A.	KNOWN AS "THE TRUST BUSTER"
		1.	STARTED 44 ANTITRUST SUITS AGAINST BIG BUSINESS
		2.	SUCCESSFULLY BROKE UP J.P. MORGAN'S NORTHERN SECURITIES RAILROAD TRUST.
	B.	SETTLED THE COAL STRIKE OF 1902
	C.	ESTABLISHED THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA)
	D.	ESTABLISHED THE NATIONAL PARKS SYSTEM
IV.	REFORM SLOWED UNDER PRESIDENT WILLIAM H. TAFT (1909-1913)
	A.	ROOSEVELT'S HAND PICKED CHOICE TO SUCCEED HIM
		1.	TAFT APPEARED TO HAVE GOOD PROGRESSIVE CREDENTIALS.
		2.	IN REALITY TAFT WAS A CONSERVATIVE,
	B.	PROBLEMS DEVELOPED BETWEEN ROOSEVELT AND TAFT
		1.	THE PAYNE-ALDRICH TARIFF KEPT RATES HIGH
		2.	BALLLINGER-PINCHOT AFFAIR
		3.	TAFT MISUNDERSTOOD ROOSEVELT'S ATTITUDE ABOUT TRUSTS.
		4.	DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO MEN LED TO A SPLIT IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
	C.	PROGRESSIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS
		1.	BEGAN 128 ANTITRUST SUITS
		2.	EXPANDED THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM
		3.	SUPPORTED LAWS REQUIRING INCREASED SAFETY IN MINES
		4.	ESTABLISHED THE CHILDREN'S BUREAU
V.	THE ELECTION OF 1912
	A.	REPUBLICANS NOMINATED TAFT
		1.	BACKED BY CONSERVATIVES
		2.	PROGRESSIVE REPUBLICANS SUPPORTED ROOSEVELT
	B.	DEMOCRATS NOMINATED THE "PROGRESSIVE " WOODROW WILSON.
	C.	THEODORE ROOSEVELT FORMED THE PROGRESSIVE (BULL MOOSE) PARTY.
	D.	BECAUSE OF THE REPUBLICAN SPLIT, WILSON WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT AND THE DEMOCRATS WON A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS.
VI.	REFORM UNDER PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON
	A.	THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF (1913) CUT RATES IN HALF ON MOST IMPORTS.
	B.	THE FEDERAL RESERVE ACT (1913) PUT THE MONEY SUPPLY UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL.
		1.	CREATED THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
		2.	DESIGNED TO PREVENT FINANCIAL PANICS AND DEPRESSIONS
	C.	THE STEVENS ACT (1914) REGULATED ALL INTERSTATE TRADE.
		1.	CREATED THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
		2.	OUTLAWED UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES
	D.	CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT (1914) OUTLAWED TRUSTS AND ALL OTHER BUSINESS COMBINATIONS DESIGNED TO RESTRAIN TRADE.
		1.	INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES
		2.	PRICE FIXING
		3.	LABOR UNIONS WERE EXEMPTED FROM ANTITRUST LEGISLATION
	E.	THE KEATING-OWEN ACT (1916) OUTLAWED CHILD LABOR
	F.	THE 16TH AMENDMENT (1913) LEGALIZED A TAX ON INCOME.
	G.	THE 17TH AMENDMENT (1313) GAVE THE PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO ELECT U.S. SENATORS.
	H.	THE 18TH AMENDMENT (1919) OUTLAWED THE SALE AND MANUFACTURE OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. (PROHIBITION)
	I.	THE 19TH AMENDMENT (1920) GAVE WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE.
VII.	THE PROGRESSIVE ERA CAME TO A CLOSE WITH THE ENTRY OF THE UNITED STATES INTO WORLD WAR I (1917).